Printing



T. F. PINDER June 2, I931;

PRINTING Filed Jan. 12. 1929 lIVE/YTO/P Tfiamas Him er ma. TB SM v-Arr0/?Mss Patented June 2, 193 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 'rnomsrurn'vnaa, or MERION, rmmsnvam Application filed January 12, 192a.Serial No. 882,082.

The principal object of the present invention is to improve theoperation of .printing Generally statedthe invention comprises a methodof preventing offset of the freshly printed sides of a paper.webtravelling between plate and packing cylinders,'a nd of delivering theweb in the form of printed sheets of paper of roper moisture content,which consists of su jecting a travelling web of paper having freshlyprinted ink thereon to mechanical, and chemical actions, whereby thefreshly printed ink aswell as the paper is conditioned to positivelyprevent offsetting and produce a finished sheet hav- 3 ingcharacteristics meeting all requirements of the trade. I first. subjectthe ink to the simultaneous efiects of vibration and heat, the lattercreating a polymerizin efiect on the ink content, considerablyfacilitated by vibration; and then I subject the partially conditionedink to a chilling oxidizing action accomplished by subjecting thepartially conditioned ink to an application of cold air laden withozone, the reaction between. the treating fiuids and the ink beinggreatly facilitated by the vibratory motion of the web of paper; andfinally I subject the web of paper to a treatment identical with thefirst mentioned treatment, taking place after the secondprintingprocess. I

The invention also comprises the improvements to be presently describedand finally claimed.

, 4t In the; following description reference will be madetothediagrammatic and schematic drawings forming part hereof and inwhich Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view'- more-or less in elevationillustrating schematically the practice of the invention.

Fig. 2'is a cross sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, and rFig. 3 is illustrative on an exaggerated scale of features hereinafterreferred to.

Having reference to the drawings 1 indi- 5 cates a paper web travelingbetween plate cylinders and packing cylinders. 2 and 3 indicatecomplemental plate and packing cylinders arranged to print on what maybe referred to as the'bottom side of the Web,

r and 4 and 5 represent plate and packing cylinders adapted to print onwhat may be referred to asthe top side of the web. The web is deliveredin the form of sheets 6 which are collected in the receptacle 7. In theforego ing description there is briefly described the operation of aperfecting sheet delivery press. In the drawings the .web after leavingthe 1 described printing mechanism 2 and 3, which prints on its lowerface, traverses the guide roll Sand then .passes to the printingmechanism 4 and 5, which prints on the other face of the web. In thatinstance there are two reaches a and b of web printed on one facethereof; At reach a the web is subjectedto the action of'a. current ofoxidizing fluid, more specifically hot air. For this purpose the web maybe passed between spaced curtains 9, Fig. 2, mounted on spring rollers,such as are employed with fabric shades.

' Such curtains are convenient in that they afi'ord ready access to theparts enclosedbetween them. There is a source of supply of heated airand it is indicated in dash and dot lines because the figure isdiagrammatic and f schematic. 10 indicates a blower and heater and itsfunction is to pass hot air in the direction of the arrow. to the pipe11, and thence to the discharge nozzles 12. It also sucks air throughthe pipes '13 and 14 back to the w blower 10. Twice as much air may wellbe withdrawn through the pipes 13 and 14 as is discharged at the nozzles12. 15 is a vent provided with a dam er in controlling the aircirculation. In Fig. 3 it is diagrammatim cally illustrated that'theinkc is superficially oxidized -asindicated at d. Of course the web intraversing the reach a isheated illustratively to perhaps 300 F. anddeprived mg of moisture. The reach b is also fitted with.

-- 5 is subjected to a current of heated air supplied nism 4 and 5. Theweb now printed on both sides, traverses the reach a and in doing sofrom the pipes 11 and 14 similar to the arrangement described inconnection with reach a. In traversing the reach 6 the 'freshly printedside of the paper or web is treated so that it will not ofi'set when outintosheet form at and delivered to and stacked in the receptac e 7. Thesheets 6 have been dried or deprived of moisture and in the container orholder 7 they are subjected to a mist or in the treating of the'ispray-of water with or without ozone. For this purpose nozzles 22 may beprovided, thus the sheets are restored to their proper content ofmoisture, and when ozone is empIIoKyed it facilitates the finaltreatment of the in From the foregoing description, it is evident thattwo primary hasesiare involved one relating to ,a polymerizationtreatment of the ink, and the other relating to an oxidization treatmentof the ink, the former accomplished in the presence of heat, and thelatter accomplished in the presence of cold. Asa secondary phase, thepaper and ink thereon is subjected to a final treatment for properlyconditioning the same for subsequent operations, such as for binding,folding and various other procfied state.

csses involved 'in' the commercialization of the printed sheets.

The first phase of the-treatment consists 1n the opening up of the poresof the paper web, through the application of heat, WhlCh alsoimmediately renders the ink more limpid 'and facilitates the absorptionof the ink by the paper, thereby expediting the solidification of theink. This application of heat may be applied. in any well known form,such as through the application of hot air, which speeds up theoscillation of the oil molecules contained in the ink, thus causin themto meet more often in unit time an polymerize, that is to say, buildupmultiple molecular groups more rapidly, andthus expedite movement of theink toward a solidi- Due to the fact that the heat is applied in thepresence of oxygen, considerably speeds the oxidation of the moleculesof. oil which encounters the oxygen, and as this oxygen. reaches thesurface of the ink w th the heated air, changes take place upon thesurface of the ink which e'xpedites solidi fication, and produces an inksurface formation that enables the same to properl resist any distortingeffects the same may subject to during the well known printingprocesses. As the treating fluids are in contact with the entire surfaceof the passing web of paper, a rapid vibratory action is created thereinwhich speeds the efiects, and more rapidly brings into contact with thesurface of the ink, oxygen for a the surface molecules.

quicker oxidation of As the vibratory motion of the paper, and I thedirect application of heat and oxygen to the freshly printed ink takesplace simultaneously it will be appreciated that polymerization andoxidation of the entire.content ofthe ink, and surface treatment of theink is greatly facilitated thereby materially reducingthe time elementin the conditioning of the ink, which is of veryvital 1mportance in viewof the speed of modern printing presses.

In the subjecting of the web of paper with the ink thereon, to thesecond primary phase of treatment, the previously treated ink, as setforth above subjected to. a cold treatment which may be cold air, ladenwith ozone. This action accomplishes the .rapid oxidation of the oilcontent'ofthe ink .and'

further produces a-surface hardening effect of the ink to enable thesameto more efiectively resist distortion which assures a clean printedsurface, and positively prevents ofiset.- As the ozone is oxy 'n in an.extremely active condition, it will e appreciated that the oxidizingaction is {considerably in-.

creased and a chilling efiect created for accomplishing a tough surfacefor the 1nk.;

It .is well known in the art that linseed and Ghina-wood oils are theprincipal oils used in printing ink, and as these oils include carbonelements the molecules of whichhave the property of uniting chemically,it will be appreciated that molecular groups are developed of solidcharacteristicswhich produces solidification of the ink.

Summarizing the above statements, I wish 7 to lay considerable stress uon the fact I treat the freshly printed by two absolutely new methodseither separately or simultaneously, that is to say, a pol er1zationmethod and an oxidizing met 0d, the

former accomplishing ;a uni'f orm treatment of the ink contents thereof,and the latter accomplishing a more or less-surface treate ment, whichwhen combined with the pox-- merizationtreatment assures proper solification of the ink, and a surface formation that will enable the ink-towithstand all stresses to which the same is subjected in the usualrintin processes. The pol erization 0 the in and the oxidizing t ereofis greatly facilitated through the subjection of the printed web ofpaper to a vibratory aca current of hot air and then with a ourtion, ofvital importance in view of the controlling influence time has u on thesuccessful utilization of any met od depending upon the rapid type ofprinting ma- 5 chines now in use. As a finaltreatment,

the cut printed sheets are subjected to a spray' of moisture with orwithout ozone, for re conditioning the sheets, and finally conditioningthe ink. 7 It will also be appreciated that 10 the printed sheets are inthe proper condition to be subjected to additional processes necessaryto the successful commercialization of the printed sheets. It will, ofcourse,.

be understood that the web of paper may be vibrated in various ways, andthe. polymerization treatment, and the oxidization treatmentaccomplished with various apparatuses designed considerably difi'erentfrom that illustrated in the drawings, and besides other fluids ortreatin elements may be substitut ed asset forth erein, the basicfeatures of my invention residing in the treatment offreshly printed inkin a manner to take advantage of the natural properties of the ink topolymerize and oxidize, and thereby resist 'all distorting effects andprevent ofiset. Therefore, I do not desire to be limited in protectionin any manner whatsoever, except as set forth in the claims.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which the inventionrelates that modifications may be made in details of woedure and arranement and matters 0 mere form without eparting from the spirit of theinvention which is not limited to such matters or otherwise than. theprior art and the a pended claims may require.

I claim:

1. A method of preventing oifset at the freshly printed sides of a paperweb traveling between plate and packing cylinders and of delivering thepaper of proper moisturecontent, which consists in first superficiallyoxidizing the ink on the first freshly printed side of the web bycontacting the web with rent of cold air, second superficially oxidizinthe ink on the second freshly printed si e of the web by contacting theweb with a current of hot air, and.t-hirdly subjecting the superficiallyoxidized ink and dried paper in sheet form to contact with a mist orspray of water. v

2. A method of preventing ofiset at the freshly printed sides of a paperweb traveling between plate and packing cylinders and of delivering thepaper of proper moisture content, which consists in superficially oxitheweb by contacting the web with a current of hot air and then with acurrent of cold air and ozone, superficially oxidizing the secondfreshly printed side of the web by contacting the web with a current ofhot air,

and subjecting the superficially oxidized dizing ink on the firstfreshly printed side of i ink anddried paper to contact with a mist or Ispray of water and ozone.

3. A method of preventin ofisetting in printin presses consistin in rstsubjecting a fresh y printed web 0 paper successively to the directaction of a blast of hot and a blast of cold air laden with ozone inpassing from one set of printing rolls to the next set of printin rollsand then subjecting the printed we to the direct contact of hot aircurrents in leaving the printing rolls, and finally subjecting theweb'to the action of moisture.

4. A method of preventing ofisetting in printing presses which consistsin subjecting a printed web of paper tovibratory action in the presenceof heat and cold.

5. A method of preventing ofisetting in printing presses which consistsin subjecting a printed web of paper simultaneouslyto vibratory actionand successive applications of hot and cold treatments.

6. A method of preventing offsetting in printing presses which consistsin first sub-- ecting the web of paper after its first printmg operationto the action of a hot blast of air contacting simultaneously with bothsides of a web of paper, secondly to a blast of cold air contacting withboth sides of the web of paper, thirdly after subjecting the paper toits second printing operation to a blast of hot air contacting With bothsides of the web of paper, and finally totheaction of a spray ofmoisture.

7'. A method of preventing ofi'setting in printing presses whlchconsists in subjecting a freshly printed web of paper in its passagefrom one set of printing mechanism to the other set of mechanismdirectly to the successive action of a heated fluid and a cold fluidincluding ozone.

8. A method of preventing offsetting in rinting presses which consistsin first subjecting the web of paper after its first printing operationto the action of a hot blast of air contacting directly with the web ofpaper, secondly, directly toa blast of cold air containin web 0paperafter a second printing operation to a blast'of hot air.

ozone, and thirdly, subjecting the 9. A method of preventing offsettingin printing presses which consists in subjectmg the freshlygirinted webof paper directly to the action ately thereafter while the web of paperis in a heated condition to a blastof chilled ozone.

THOS. F. PINDER.

o a hot air blast-and immedi--

